How many characters is optimal for line length? words per line?- About 70 characters per line is the standard. This is because the use of very long or very short lines interrupts the normal eye pattern that we use to read. We also like to have around 10-15 words per line which is about 70 or so characters.
Why is the baseline grid used in design?- it makes life a little bit easier for designers. It allow the designer to create a pleasing grid and good typography. Easily layout websites and make full typographic framework for any subject.
What is a typographic river?- a typographic river is when your column of text has a series of spaces in each line that can be visualy connected down the entire column, looking similar to a river.
What does clotheslining or flow line mean?- the horizontal line that appears on a layout thats on the text so that your eyes go through the page easier.
What is X-height? how does it effect type color?- vertical height of a lowercase in a typeface x-height vaires from one typeface to another. Also called the body height. The size of the x height makes the letter look darker if smaller and lighter if bigger.
How can you incorporate white space into your designs?- Wellllll you can use it to draw the viewers eye into your composition, you can create shapes, or rules with white space. the abscense of space is just as powerful as the space itself.
In justification or H&J terms what do the numbers minimum, optimum, maximum mean?-The specific amount of space between words, the minimum being at the least possible, the optimum just right.
What are some ways to indicate a new paragraph?- umm there are tons of ways! indentinos, exdentions, rules, dots, graphics, gaps, loops, circles. The list is practically endless. enjoy.
What are some things to look out for when hyphenating text?- make sure you are using it for line breaks and for the appropriate words. try not to have it end any of your compositions or columns.
What is a ligature?- Ligatures prevent the collision or interference of characters particulary
the extended finial of the f' and the dot of the i.
What does CMYK and RGB mean?- CMYK means Cyan Magenta Yellow and Black. and RGB is Red Green and Blue. They are all used in printing to get the right amount of colors and such.
What does hanging punctuation mean?- its a way of typesetting punctuation marks and bullet points and quotation marks and hyphens so that they dont disrupt the flow of text.
What is the differnce between a foot mark and an apostrophe?-
Foot marks and inch marks are generic symbols that look like this ' (inch) " (foot). An apostrophe and quote mark have a small circle and curve that make it present the quote or word, such as “” ‘’. The default for a foot mark and inch mark is that on the computer keyboard. To make the apostrophes and smart quotes you hit option+[ (left bracket is quote, right bracket is apostrophe).
What is a hypen, en-dash and em dashes, what are the differences and when are they used?-A hyphen (-) is used for hyphenating words or line breaks. It is found next to the equal sign on the keyboard. An en dash is used between words indicating a duration such as hourly time or months or years. It is used with a thin space before and after, but not a full space. It is made with option+hyphen. An em dash is twice as long as the en dash. It is used in a manner similar to colon or parentheses, or indicates an abrupt change in thought. It is made with option+shift+hyphen.
